General Information

• Biodiversity Offsets: Views, experiences, and the business case
• Biodiversity Prospecting
• Economic Instruments in Biodiversity-related Multilateral Environmental Agreements
• Economic Issues in Access and Benefit Sharing of Genetic Resources: A Framework for Analysis
• Ecotourism and conservation: A Review of Key Issues
• From Theory to Practice: Incentive Measures in Developing Countries
• Individual transferable quotas as an incentive measure for the conservation and the sustainable use of marine biodiversity
• Integrating Biophysical and Economic Information to Guide Land Conservation Investments
• Marine Protected Areas: Economic and Social Implications
• Marine Reserves: Is there a Free Lunch?
• Programme Promotion and Development of Non-wood Forest Products (FAO)
• Reforming Energy Subsidies
• Selling Forest Environmental Services: Market-based Mechanisms for Conservation and Development.
• Silver bullet or fools’ gold? A global review of markets for forest environmental services and their impact on the poor.
• The "Sale" of Biodiversity to Nature Tourists
• The Cost-Effectiveness of Conservation Payments
• The Use of Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy: Opportunities and Challenges
• Zimbabwe, South Africa, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  New markets and emerging opportunities: the case of natural products in South Africa

Case Studies

• Community-based incentives for nature conservation
• Economic Aspects of Community Development in Sustainable Forest Management in Eastern and Southern Africa
• Growing Farm Timber: practices, markets and policies. The Meru Timber Marketing Pilot Programme Case Studies and Reviews
• IUCN Compilation: Examples of various Kinds of Incentives and Disincentives
• Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA)
• The Nature of Benefits and the Benefits of Nature: Why Wildlife Conservation Has Not Economically Benefitted Communities in Africa
• Australia
  An overview on incentive programmes in Australia
• Austria
  A new Tweed from “Forest Sheep“. Wool Quality Production and the Use of a Sheep Genetic Resource for Extensive Pasturing
• Botswana
  The Botswana Tribal Grazing Land Policy: A Property Rights Study
• Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe
  Private Supply of Protected Land in Southern Africa: A Review of Markets, Approaches, Barriers and Issues
• Brazil
  Biodiversity conservation and cattle ranchers in the Brazilian Pantanal
• Cameroon
  Community development programme for sustainable use in Cameroon
• Canada
  The Canadian Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
• Colombia
  Forestry Incentive Certificates and other Incentive Measures in Colombia
• Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Mesures d'incitation et de bonnes pratiques pour la gestion durable de la diversite biologique, Democratic Republic of Congo
• Ecuador
  Engaging local and national stakeholders in sustainable trade of natural products: the "Medicinal plants Producers Association Jambi Kiwa" in Ecuador
• European Community, Netherlands, Spain, Czech Republic
  Incentive measures in the European Union and some of its member states (the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Spain)
• European Community, United States of America
  Market Creation for Biodiversity: The Role of Organic Farming in the EU and the US
• Finland
  The Act of the financing of sustainable forestry and the development of forest certification in Finland
• Germany
  UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Schorfheide-Chorin and Rhön, Germany
• India
  Incentive based mechanisms for watershed management in India
• Indonesia
  The Biodiversity Benefits of Coral Reef Ecosystems: Values and Markets
• Iran (Islamic Republic of)
  Incentive measures in Iran (2005)
• Iran (Islamic Republic of), Russian Federation
  CITES Scoping Paper on Individual Transferable Quotas for Acipenseriformes spp. in the Caspian Sea
• Jamaica
  Alternative tourism in Jamaica
• Jamaica, Maldives, Netherlands
  Integrated Coastal Zone Management of Coral Reefs: Decision Support Modeling
• Kenya
  Financial and policy instruments for the conservation of Mount Kenya forest, Kenya
• Lebanon
  Rural Dryland Development in Lebanon through Innovative Market Approaches
• Mexico
  Economic incentives for the protection of wildlife in Mexico: the case of Ovis canadensis (big-horned sheep)
• Morocco
  Incentive measures proposed in the national biodiversity strategy and action plan, Morocco
• Namibia
  Economic without market: Policy inferences from natural-based tourism studies in Namibia
• Netherlands
  Market Creation: Organic Farming in the Netherlands
• New Zealand
  Protection of Natural Heritage on Private Land, New Zealand
• Pakistan
  Maintaining biological diversity with rural community development in Pakistan
• Peru
  Actuales Incentivos Económicos en los Diversos Sectores, Peru
• Poland
  Implementation of economic incentive measures to promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the Biebrza Valley, with special attention to the Biebrza National Park, Poland
• Saint Lucia
  Benefit Sharing Arrangements in the Mankote Mangrove, Saint Lucia
• South Africa
  The South African Natural Heritage Programme (SANHP)
• Spain
  Information on the use of incentive measures in Spain
• Sudan
  Incentive measures to Conserve Biodiversity in Sudan
• Syrian Arab Republic
  Developing Markets for Agrobiodiversity
• Thailand
  Groundwater pricing in Thailand
• Tunisia
  Building an Enabling Environment for Increasing Investment in Sustainable Land Management through Market Access and Trade
• Turkey
  Indigenous propagation project of threatened Turkish bulbs
• Uganda
  Development Through Conservation, Bwindi National Park, Uganda
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  Heathland management in the United Kingdom
• United Republic of Tanzania
  Market arrangements between local communities and the private sector in the north-west Serengeti, United Republic of Tanzania
• Zimbabwe
  Wildlife use rights in Zimbabwe: CAMPFIRE