General Information

• Analyzing Resource Impact of Fisheries Subsidies: A Matrix Approach
• Economic Instruments in Biodiversity-related Multilateral Environmental Agreements
• Establishing Payments for Watershed Services
• From Theory to Practice: Incentive Measures in Developing Countries
• Incentive Measures and WTO Rules (ICTSD COP8 Biodiversity and Trade Briefings, March 2006)
• The Cost-Effectiveness of Conservation Payments
• The Use of Economic Instruments in Environmental Policy: Opportunities and Challenges
• World Trade Report 2006: Exploring the links between subsidies, trade and the WTO

Case Studies

• Economic Aspects of Community Development in Sustainable Forest Management in Eastern and Southern Africa
• IUCN Compilation: Examples of various Kinds of Incentives and Disincentives
• Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA)
• Using tax incentives to conserve and enhance biodiversity in Europe (Nature and Environment No. 143) (2005)
• Australia
  A revolving fund for biodiversity conservation in Australia
• Australia, Austria, Colombia, Chile, Brazil, Denmark, Germany, France, Jamaica, Mexico, New Zealand, Netherlands, Sweden
  Economic Instruments for Water Management: Experiences from Europe and Implications for Latin America and the Caribbean
• Austria
  Economic incentive measures in the creation of the National Park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel, Austria
• Brazil
  A tax incentive for protected areas and water supply areas in Brazil
• Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, El Salvador, United States of America
  Compensation for Environmental Services and Rural Communities - Lessons from the Americas and Key Issues for Strenghtening Community Strategies
• Cameroon
  Community development programme for sustainable use in Cameroon
• Canada
  Incentive measures in the Canadian National Forest Strategy
• China
  Experiences and Practices on Incentive Measures in China
• Colombia
  Economic incentives for micro-watershed management in Colombia
• Czech Republic
  Czech Action Plan of Environmental Education and Public Awareness 2004 - 2006
• Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Mesures d'incitation et de bonnes pratiques pour la gestion durable de la diversite biologique, Democratic Republic of Congo
• Denmark
  Economic incentives for the transformation of privately cultivated forest areas into strict (untouched) forest reserves in Denmark
• Ecuador
  The Tagua Initiative, Ecuador
• European Community, Netherlands, Spain, Czech Republic
  Incentive measures in the European Union and some of its member states (the Czech Republic, the Netherlands and Spain)
• Finland
  The Act of the financing of sustainable forestry and the development of forest certification in Finland
• Germany
  UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Schorfheide-Chorin and Rhön, Germany
• Greece
  Incentives for the conservation of the nesting grounds of the sea turtle, Caretta caretta, in Laganas Bay, Zakynthos, Greece
• Iran (Islamic Republic of)
  Environmental Prizes in Iran
• Jamaica
  Alternative tourism in Jamaica
• Jamaica, Maldives, Netherlands
  Integrated Coastal Zone Management of Coral Reefs: Decision Support Modeling
• Kenya
  Financial and policy instruments for the conservation of Mount Kenya forest, Kenya
• Lebanon
  Tax exemptions or reductions and environmental funds in the Code of Environment of Lebanon
• Morocco
  Incentive measures proposed in the national biodiversity strategy and action plan, Morocco
• Myanmar
  Provision of tree seedlings in Myanmar
• Namibia
  Economic without market: Policy inferences from natural-based tourism studies in Namibia
• Netherlands
  Ecological Effectiveness of Agri-Environment Schemes in Different Agricultural Landscapes in The Netherlands
• New Zealand
  Conservation of the Pae O Te Rangi area in New Zealand
• Oman
  Incentive Measures used in Oman
• Poland
  Implementation of economic incentive measures to promote the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the Biebrza Valley, with special attention to the Biebrza National Park, Poland
• Saint Lucia
  Incentive Measures used in Protected Areas by the St. Lucia National Trust (Praslin Protected Landscape)
• South Africa
  The South African Natural Heritage Programme (SANHP)
• Spain
  Information on the use of incentive measures in Spain
• Sudan
  Incentive measures to Conserve Biodiversity in Sudan
• Switzerland
  Direct payments for biodiversity provided by Swiss farmers: an economic interpretation of direct democratic decision
• Thailand
  Incentive measures in Thailand
• Turkey
  Indigenous propagation project of threatened Turkish bulbs
• Uganda
  Development Through Conservation, Bwindi National Park, Uganda
• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  Heathland management in the United Kingdom
• United Republic of Tanzania
  Market arrangements between local communities and the private sector in the north-west Serengeti, United Republic of Tanzania
• United States of America
  Conservation Contracting in Heterogeneous Landscapes: An Application to Watershed Protection with Treshold Constraints
• Zimbabwe
  Wildlife use rights in Zimbabwe: CAMPFIRE